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Alkyl group formation in Organic compounds-Alkanes

I am quiet confident that you must be enjoying your christmas holidays to the fullest. Welcome to my blog Chadvelscience. Till now we have learned, what are organic compounds and individual names of all alkanes from methane to decane. Today we will study how alkyl groups are formed and how they are named as per IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds.

Formation of Alkyl group:
An alkane missing one hydrogen atom, then that particular alkane is called an alkyl. As per IUPAC nomenclature system, such an alkyl-group is named replacing "ane" from an alkane. For example: methane becomes methyl, Ethane becomes ethyl.
These alkyl groups contains free electrons ready to be donated, cannot exists by themselves; in order to achieve more stable form they must attached to nearby halogens( fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine).
In order to name any chemical compound there is a standard method of naming called IUPAC nomenclature. The long form of IUPAC is "International Union of Pure and Applied chemistry". This nomenclature method has a set of rules to name any chemical compound which further helps in deriving an obvious structural formula. This naming system depends on the functional groups, substituent groups attached and few other factors. Today, we shall cover naming of Aklyl group.
Let's try this IUPAC Naming system on example of an alkane with more than one substituents and a functional group which is follows:

IUPAC naming of Organic Compounds.
The figure above shows a structure of an organic compound.

Naming an organic compound in the figure abo involves three steps:

No.1: We have to first identify the alkane with longest carbon chain in the structure and we need to name it accordingly

In this structure the longest carbon chain is  of six carbon, hence hexane is the alkane containing chain of six carbon atoms.

No.2: We have to start numbering the carbon, which is nearest to the substituent and functional group.

IUPAC naming of Organic Compounds.


In this structure there are two methyl branches or methyl groups(-CH3), and both attached to the 2nd carbon from left and right side of the structure, respectively. But the 2nd carbon from right also contains one bromo(-Br) group attached to it. Hence we shall start numbering from the right side of the structure.

No.3: Now we have to give this structure a IUPAC name on the basis of informations we gathered till now.
We have to give the location, name of each substituent and a group as a prefix in alphabetical order.

IUPAC naming of Organic Compounds.

 
Hence, let's start,
In this structure, counting from the right the location of the two methyl groups is on second and fifth carbon atom. And same way from the right, location of one bromo group is on the second carbon. When there are two or more identical substituents groups, a prefix di, tri, and tetra is used; commas are used to designate the locations of the same substituents.
So keeping all above IUPAC nomenclature rules in mind the final name of the given Organic compund is:
2-bromo-2,5-dimethylhexane

IUPAC naming of Organic Compounds.


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