Skip to main content

Alkyl group formation in Organic compounds-Alkanes

I am quiet confident that you must be enjoying your christmas holidays to the fullest. Welcome to my blog Chadvelscience. Till now we have learned, what are organic compounds and individual names of all alkanes from methane to decane. Today we will study how alkyl groups are formed and how they are named as per IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds.

Formation of Alkyl group:
An alkane missing one hydrogen atom, then that particular alkane is called an alkyl. As per IUPAC nomenclature system, such an alkyl-group is named replacing "ane" from an alkane. For example: methane becomes methyl, Ethane becomes ethyl.
These alkyl groups contains free electrons ready to be donated, cannot exists by themselves; in order to achieve more stable form they must attached to nearby halogens( fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine).
In order to name any chemical compound there is a standard method of naming called IUPAC nomenclature. The long form of IUPAC is "International Union of Pure and Applied chemistry". This nomenclature method has a set of rules to name any chemical compound which further helps in deriving an obvious structural formula. This naming system depends on the functional groups, substituent groups attached and few other factors. Today, we shall cover naming of Aklyl group.
Let's try this IUPAC Naming system on example of an alkane with more than one substituents and a functional group which is follows:

IUPAC naming of Organic Compounds.
The figure above shows a structure of an organic compound.

Naming an organic compound in the figure abo involves three steps:

No.1: We have to first identify the alkane with longest carbon chain in the structure and we need to name it accordingly

In this structure the longest carbon chain is  of six carbon, hence hexane is the alkane containing chain of six carbon atoms.

No.2: We have to start numbering the carbon, which is nearest to the substituent and functional group.

IUPAC naming of Organic Compounds.


In this structure there are two methyl branches or methyl groups(-CH3), and both attached to the 2nd carbon from left and right side of the structure, respectively. But the 2nd carbon from right also contains one bromo(-Br) group attached to it. Hence we shall start numbering from the right side of the structure.

No.3: Now we have to give this structure a IUPAC name on the basis of informations we gathered till now.
We have to give the location, name of each substituent and a group as a prefix in alphabetical order.

IUPAC naming of Organic Compounds.

 
Hence, let's start,
In this structure, counting from the right the location of the two methyl groups is on second and fifth carbon atom. And same way from the right, location of one bromo group is on the second carbon. When there are two or more identical substituents groups, a prefix di, tri, and tetra is used; commas are used to designate the locations of the same substituents.
So keeping all above IUPAC nomenclature rules in mind the final name of the given Organic compund is:
2-bromo-2,5-dimethylhexane

IUPAC naming of Organic Compounds.


I hope you like the blog. I would love to hear from you. Your each feedback would urge me to give a better scientific content each time. For videos on the same topics check out my YouTube channel: Chadvelscience





Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Photosynthesis Timeline.

Process of photosynthesis with no if and but, without any doubt, will retain a position forever, among one of the most important chemical reactions occurring on the planet earth. Let's go through historical timeline of who, how and when, great people contributed to understand exactly what happens during Photosynthesis: In c350BC, Aristotle proposes plants, like animals, require food. In c300BC, Theophrastus writes that plants gets food through their roots. In 1450, Nicholas of cusa he proposes an experiment which he never performed, in which the plant is weighed and then planted in the weight amount of soil in the container. Plant, soil and applied water are weighed after a period of growth. He speculated this experiment will proove that the mass gained in the plant, is only due to water and not the soil. In 1648, Jean Baptist Van Helmont performs the experiment originally proposed by Nicholas Cusa, 200 years earlier. The experiment was performed on willow tree, which prooved that
Post a Comment
Read more

Organic Chemistry

What is Organic? The word organic is derived from the word Organism. Organic is something which is directly obtained from Nature or derivative of a nature. All Organic substances you will find are majorly formed of carbon and hydrogen. We all use organic substances/compounds such as all fossil fuels(diesel, petrol, gasoline, and natural gas), clothing, drugs, and cosmetics. What is an Organic Chemistry? Now, as you are well aware of the word Organic, it is easy for you to understand Organic Chemistry. Compounds containing carbon and hydrogen atoms are called Organic compounds. These organic compounds along with carbon and hydrogen may also contain oxygen and other non metallic elements such as Nitrogen, Sulphur, Halogens and Phosphorous in trace amounts. The branch of chemistry which studies properties, and reactions of organic compounds is called an Organic Chemistry. Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, caffeine, heroine, oxytocin, glucose, fructose, DNA, RNA, alcohols, Carboxylic acids an
Post a Comment
Read more

Alkanes

Alkanes: I have discussed definition of Organic compounds in my earlier blogs but still we will go through the definition once again. So, The organic compounds are the compounds containing carbon and hydrogen atoms. These organic compounds may also contain oxygen, sulphur, nitrogen, phosphorous, and halogens. Alkanes are the organic compounds formed of carbon and hydrogen, bonded only by single bonds. Carbon chain in alkanes contains only single bond and this is a unique characteristic which differentiates alkanes from other types of organic compounds. Let's see who are the members of alkane family in the figure as follows: You can see in the figure above all the condensed structural formulas of alkanes from Methane to Decane shows all carbons attached by single bond in a straight chain. But there are the type of alkanes with a structure having a branch or group(functional group) attached to such a single chain structure. Hence, keeping this in mind, structure of alkanes can be of
Post a Comment
Read more